IMAT 2021 Q23 [Viruses & Nucleic Acids]

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1

Which of the following types of nucleic acid is/are found in viruses ?

  1. single-stranded DNA
  2. double stranded DNA
  3. RNA

A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only
E. 2 and 3 only

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The correct is A : all of them.

Every virus has the same basic structure :

  1. a capsid
  2. viral genome
  3. envelope protein

Viral genome

The viral genome can either be DNA (double or single stranded) or RNA.

  • Examples of viruses that contain double stranded DNA are Herpesviruses (like HSV).

  • Examples of viruses that contain single stranded DNA are Parvoviruses (like the canine parvovirus, that causes digestive problems among others).

  • Examples of viruses that contain RNA are retroviruses (like HIV) : it uses the host’s cells to convert RNA into DNA, thanks to its reverse transcriptase.

Envelope protein

The envelope is an external structure that: contains the capsid. It has a role in the process of viral infection, and to protect the virus against the immune system. It is made of a lipidic membrane and glycoproteins.

Capsid

The capsid is the structure that contains the genetic material of the virus, either DNA or RNA. It is made of several protein units. Its purposes are to serve as a protector of the genome, to allow the virus’ attachment to host cells and to ensure its penetration.

A virus is a very tiny and simple organism that is made up of just a few parts. These parts are called genes, and they are surrounded by a protective shell called a capsid. The capsid is made up of proteins, and it protects the genes inside the virus. When a virus gets inside a living cell, it uses the cell’s machinery to make more copies of itself, and then those copies can go on to infect other cells. Some viruses can make people sick, while others are harmless.

Some viruses do have an envelope, but not all of them do. An envelope is a thin layer of tissue that surrounds the capsid of a virus. It is made up of proteins and lipids, and it helps to protect the virus and make it easier for it to infect cells. Some viruses, such as the flu virus, have an envelope, while others, such as the poliovirus, do not. Whether or not a virus has an envelope can affect how it behaves and how it is able to infect cells.

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I could not delete my question so i can only edit it. Have a nice day!